The process uses a mixture of nitric and hydrofluoric acids to remove the passive layer from the surface of stainless steel, as well as a small amount of the metal. After Pickling, the stainless steel surface is exposed to oxygen in the air. This allows it to oxidise, which creates a self-repairing oxide film on the surface of the steel and to provide an improved resistance to corrosion.

Various Pickling methods include Tank Immersion, which typically requires off-site specialists, Spray Pickling which can be done on-site and Circulation Pickling, which is used for pipework which carries corrosive liquids. While all these processes require the experience of a specialist, the process can be done without specialist knowledge for smaller applications, where a paste or gel is applied by a brush to the surface of the stainless steel.